Which expenses are typically not classified under direct costs?

Direct costs are those expenses that can be directly attributed to a specific project or activity, such as labor, materials, and equipment used in the construction process. Training expenses are generally not classified as direct costs because they do not relate directly to the execution of a specific construction project. Instead, they are usually considered overhead or indirect costs, as they serve to enhance the skills of employees for broader application rather than for a specific job.

The other expenses listed—medical costs, equipment repair, and physical therapy—can often be directly related to specific incidents or project-related activities (e.g., a workplace injury resulting from a construction task leading to medical care). These costs directly affect the project budget, as they arise directly from work performed in the field. In contrast, training serves a long-term purpose and is not specifically tied to any one project, highlighting its classification as an indirect cost rather than a direct one.